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| Declaration Respecting Maritime Law. Paris, April 16, 1856. Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code). April 24, 1863. Resolutions of the Geneva International Conference. Geneva, October 26-29, 1863. Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, August 22, 1864. Additional Articles relating to the Condition of the Wounded in War. Geneva, October 20, 1868. Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of certain Explosive Projectiles. Saint Petersburg, November 29 / December 11, 1868. Project of an International Declaration concerning the Laws and Customs of War. Brussels, August 27, 1874. The Laws of War on Land. Oxford, September 9, 1880. Final Act of the International Peace Conference. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulation concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Convention (III) for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention of August 22, 1864. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Declaration (IV, 1), to Prohibit, for the Term of Five Years, the Launching of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons, and Other Methods of Similar Nature. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Declaration (IV, 2) concerning Asphyxiating Gases. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Declaration (IV, 3) concerning Expanding Bullets. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Convention for the Exemption of Hospital Ships, in Time of War, from The Payment of all Dues and Taxes Imposed for the Benefit of the State. The Hague, December 21, 1904. Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field. Geneva, July 6, 1906. Final Act of the Second Peace Conference. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (III) relative to the Opening of Hostilities. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulation concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (V) respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (VI) relating to the Status of Enemy Merchant Ships at the Outbreak of Hostilities. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (VII) relating to the Conversion of Merchant Ships into War-Ships. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (VIII) relative to the Laying of Automatic Submarine Contact Mines. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (X) for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (XI) relative to certain Restrictions with regard to the Exercise of the Right of Capture in Naval War. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (XII) relative to the Creation of an International Prize Court. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Convention (XIII) concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Declaration (XIV) Prohibiting the Discharge of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Final Protocol to the Naval Conference of London, February 26, 1909. Declaration concerning the Laws of Naval War. London, February 26, 1909. Additional Protocol to the Convention relative to the Establishment of an International Prize Court. The Hague, September 19, 1910. Manual of the Laws of Naval War. Oxford, August 9, 1913. Treaty relating to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare. Washington, February 6, 1922. Rules concerning the Control of Wireless Telegraphy in Time of War and Air Warfare. Drafted by a Commission of Jurists at The Hague, December 1922 - February 1923. Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare. Geneva, June 17, 1925. Convention on Maritime Neutrality. Havana, February 20, 1928. Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference. Geneva, July 27, 1929. Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field. Geneva, July 27, 1929. Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, July 27, 1929. Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armaments, (Part IV, Art. 22, relating to submarine warfare). London, April 22, 1930. First draft Convention adopted in Monaco (Sanitary cities and localities), July 27, 1934. Draft International Convention on the Condition and Protection of Civilians of enemy nationality who are on territory belonging to or occupied by a belligerent. Tokyo, 1934. Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments (Roerich Pact). Washington, April 15, 1935. Procès-verbal relating to the Rules of Submarine Warfare set forth in Part IV of the Treaty of London of April 22, 1930. London, November 6, 1936. The Nyon Agreement, September 14, 1937. Agreement supplementary to The Nyon Agreement. Geneva, September 17, 1937. Draft Convention for the Protection of Civilian Populations Against New Engines of War. Amsterdam, 1938. Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of the Major War Criminals of the European Axis, and Charter of the International Military Tribunal. London, August 8, 1945. The Allied powers prosecute 21 Nazi leaders for the crime of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Eleven are sentenced to death, 3 are acquitted, and the rest receive prison sentences. Nüremberg, November 21, 1945—October 1, 1946. An international congress meets in Paris and calls for the adoption of an international criminal code prohibiting crimes against humanity and the prompt establishment of an International Criminal Court (ICC). October 1946. General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, announces establishment of the International Military Tribunal For the Far East (IMTFE) to prosecute Japanese war criminals. January 19, 1946. Affirmation of the Principles of International Law recognized by the Charter of the Nüremberg Tribunal. Resolution 95 (I) of the UN General Assembly. December 11, 1946. IMTFE prosecute Japanese soldiers for war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity in the Far East. 7 are sentenced to death. April 29, 1946—November 12, 1948. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. UN General Assembly, December 9, 1948. International Law Commission asked to study the possibility of establishing an International Criminal Court. December 9, 1948. UN General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights detailing human rights and fundamental freedoms. December 10, 1948. The International Law Commission drafts statutes for an International Criminal Court. Opposition stymies the effort and the General Assembly effectively abandons the effort pending agreement on a definition of the crime of aggression and an international Code of Crimes. 1949-1954. Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva, August 12, 1949. Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, August 12, 1949. Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. Geneva, August 12, 1949. Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, August 12, 1949. Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, August 12, 1949. Resolutions of the Diplomatic Conference. Geneva, August 12, 1949. Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nüremberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal, 1950. Final Act of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, May 14, 1954. Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, May 14, 1954. Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, May 14, 1954. Resolutions of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, May 14, 1954. Draft Rules for the Limitation of the Dangers incurred by the Civilian Population in Time of War. ICRC, 1956. Human Rights in Armed Conflicts. Resolution XXIII adopted by the International Conference on Human Rights. Teheran, May 12, 1968. Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. UN General Assembly, November 26, 1968. Respect for Human Rights in Armed Conflicts. Resolution 2444 (XXIII) of the United Nations General Assembly, December 19, 1968. The Distinction between Military Objectives and Non-Military Objectives in General and Particularly the Problems Associated with Weapons of Mass Destruction. Edinburgh, September 9, 1969. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction. Opened for Signature at London, Moscow and Washington, April 10, 1972. UN General Assembly agrees on the definition of aggression. 1974. European Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes. Strasbourg, January 25, 1974. Convention on the prohibition of military or any hostile use of environmental modification techniques. Signed at Geneva, May 18, 1977. Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1974-1977. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), June 8, 1977. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), June 8, 1977. Resolutions of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1974-1977. Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa. Libreville, July 3, 1977. Resolution on Small-Calibre Weapon Systems. Geneva, September 28, 1979. Final Act of the UN Conference on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. Geneva, October 10, 1980. Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. Geneva, October 10, 1980. Protocol on Non-Detectable Fragments (Protocol I). Geneva, October 10, 1980. Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices (Protocol II). Geneva, October 10, 1980. Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons (Protocol III). Geneva, October 10, 1980. The UN General Assembly asks the International Law Commission to return to the question of establishing a Code of Crimes. December 1981. UN General Assembly adopts the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. December 10, 1984. Trinidad and Tobago resurrect the proposal for an International Criminal Court. The Untied Nations General Assembly asks the International Law Commission to prepare a draft statute. June 1989. International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries. UN General Assembly, December 4, 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child. UN General Assembly, November 20, 1989. The UN General Assembly asks the International Law Commission to complete a draft statute for an International Criminal Court. 1992. Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction. Paris, January 13, 1993. Statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. May 25, 1993. The International Law Commission submits a draft Statute for an International Criminal Court to the UN General Assembly. 1993. The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action expresses support for the establishment of an International Criminal Court. June 1993. San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea, June 12, 1994. Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighboring States, between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1994. Adapted by the UN Security Council, November 8, 1994. The International Law Commission presents a final draft Statute on the International Criminal Court to the UN General Assembly. The UN General Assembly establishes Ad Hoc Committee on the Establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court (ICC). December 9, 1994. Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons (Protocol IV). October 13, 1995. UN General Assembly establishes Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court. December 11, 1995. The UN General Assembly convenes six PrepCom meetings to continue to draft the International Criminal Court Statute. 1996-1998. Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices as amended on May 3, 1996 (Protocol II as amended on May 3, 1996) International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Nuclear Weapons July 8, 1996. ICTY hands down its first conviction, sentencing a Bosnian Serb concentration camp guard to 20 years in prison for crimes against humanity and violations of the laws and customs of war. May 7, 1997. The 14 nations of the South African Development Community set out 10 basic principles to be included in forming the International Criminal Court Statute. September 1997. Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction. September 18, 1997. The United Kingdom backs the Singapore Compromise to limit Security Council authority over the International Criminal Court. December 1997. The Zutphen Report consolidates the various draft texts of the International Criminal Court statute. January 1998. Representatives of 25 African governments adopt the Dakar Declaration calling for an effective and independent International Criminal Court. Dakar, February 5-6, 1998. U.S. Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Jesse Helms declares any International Criminal Court Statute "dead on arrival" in the United States Senate unless the United States has control over the court. March 26, 1998. Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court is finalized and adopted. July 15- 17, 1998. ICTR hands down its first conviction, finding a Rwandan Hutu leader guilty of genocide. September 2, 1998. British authorities arrest General Pinochet of Chile, as Spain requests his extradition to stand trial for genocide, torture, and other crimes during his rule in the 1970s and 1980s. October 16, 1998. Second Hague Cultural Property Protocol March 26, 1999. 1999 UN Secretary-General's Bulletin on Observance by UN Forces of International Humanitarian Law. A UN commission recommends that the Security Council establish a tribunal to prosecute those responsible for war crimes in East Timor. Member nations ignore the recommendation and instead ask the Indonesian government to mete out justice. January 31, 2000. UN Security Council calls for the establishment of a "Special Court" to prosecute war crimes in Sierra Leone. August 14, 2000. Cambodian National Assembly passes legislation to establish a tribunal in conjunction with the UN to prosecute "senior leaders" of the Khmer Rouge for atrocities from 1975 to 1979. January 3, 2001.
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